Test Bank for Public Policy, Politics, Analysis, and Alternatives, 7th Edition, 7e by Michael E. Kraft and Scott R. Furlong

Test Bank for Public Policy, Politics, Analysis, and Alternatives, 7th Edition, 7e by Michael E. Kraft and Scott R. Furlong

Test Bank for Public Policy, Politics, Analysis, and Alternatives, 7th Edition, 7e by Michael E. Kraft and Scott R. Furlong 
CLICK TO ACCESS

ISBN-13: 9781544374611

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Part I: The Study of Public Policy

1 | Public Policy and Politics

What Is Public Policy?

Defining Basic Concepts

Government

Politics

Policy Analysis

Why Study Public Policy?

Citizens’ Ability to Participate and Make Choices

Citizens’ Ability to Influence Policy Decisions

The Contexts of Public Policy

Social Context

Economic Context

Political Context

Governing Context

Cultural Context

The Reasons for Government Involvement

Political Reasons

Moral or Ethical Reasons

Economics and Market Failures

The Practice of Policy Analysis

The Many Uses of Policy Analysis

Citizens’ Use of Policy Analysis

How to Decide Which Policy Is Best: Using Multiple Criteria

Conclusions

Discussion Questions

Keywords

Suggested Readings

Suggested Websites

Notes

2 | Government Institutions and Policy Actors

Growth of Government

Government Institutions and Policy Capacity

Federalism

The Evolution of Federal-State Relations

State Variation in Policy Capacity

Separation of Powers

Legislative Branch

Executive Branch

Judicial Branch

Informal Policy Actors and Policy Capacity

Public Opinion and Policymaking

Interest Groups, Nonprofits, and Public Policy

Media

Policy Subgovernments and Issue Networks

Improving Policy Capacity

Conclusions

Discussion Questions

Keywords

Suggested Readings

Suggested Websites

Notes

3 | Understanding Public Policymaking

Theories of Politics and Public Policy

Elite Theory

Group Theory

Institutional Theory

Rational Choice Theory

Political Systems Theory

The Policy Process Model

Problem Definition and Agenda Setting

Policy Formulation

Policy Legitimation

Policy Implementation

Policy Evaluation

Policy Change

Instruments of Public Policy

Regulation

Government Management

Taxing and Spending

Market Mechanisms

Education, Information, and Persuasion

Policy Typologies

Conclusions

Discussion Questions

Keywords

Suggested Readings

Suggested Websites

Notes

Part II: Analyzing Public Policy

4 | Policy Analysis: An Introduction

The Nature of Policy Analysis

Steps in the Policy Analysis Process

Define and Analyze the Problem

Construct Policy Alternatives

Choose Evaluative Criteria

Assess the Alternatives

Draw Conclusions

Types of Policy Analysis

Scientific Approaches

Professional Approaches

Political Approaches

What Kind of Analysis Is Needed?

Deal with Root Causes or Make Pragmatic Adjustments?

Comprehensive Analysis or Short-Term Policy Relevance?

Consensual or Contentious Analysis?

Reliance on Rational Analysis or Democratic Politics?

Other Aspects of Policy Analysis

Conclusions

Discussion Questions

Keywords

Suggested Readings

Suggested Websites

Leading General Journals of Public Policy

Major Professional Newsweeklies with Policy Coverage

Notes

5 | Public Problems and Policy Alternatives

Problem Analysis

The Nature of the Problem

Thinking about Causes and Solutions

How to Find Information

Constructing Alternatives

What Governments Can Do

Policy Typologies as Analytic Tools

Thinking Creatively about Policy Action

Conclusions

Discussion Questions

Keywords

Suggested Readings

Suggested Websites

Notes

6 | Assessing Policy Alternatives

Evaluative Criteria for Judging Policy Proposals

Effectiveness

Efficiency

Equity

Ethics and Political Values

Using the Methods of Policy Analysis

Economic Approaches

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Risk Assessment

Decision Making and Impacts

Forecasting

Impact Assessment

Political and Institutional Approaches

Political Feasibility Analysis

Implementation Analysis and Program Evaluation

Ethical Analysis

Conclusions

Discussion Questions

Keywords

Suggested Readings

Suggested Websites

Notes

Part III: Issues and Controversies in Public Policy

Test Bank for Public Policy, Politics, Analysis, and Alternatives, 7th Edition, 7e by Michael E. Kraft and Scott R. Furlong 
CLICK TO ACCESS

7 | Economic and Budgetary Policy

Background

Goals of Economic Policy

Economic Growth

Low Levels of Unemployment

Low Levels of Inflation

Positive Balance of Trade

Managing Deficits and Debt

Interrelationships of Economic Goals

Tools of Economic Policy

Fiscal Policy

Monetary Policy

Regulation

Incentives, Subsidies, and Support

Tax Policy

The Budget Process and Its Effect on Economic Policy

Assumptions and Planning

Agency Budget Development

OMB Budget Review

Congressional Review

Budget Execution and Control

Economic Policy: Successes and Failures

Significant Income Tax Cuts

Responses to the Deficit

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Economic Issues and Challenges

Maintaining Economic Growth

Growth of Entitlements

Income Inequality

Focused Discussion: Deficits and Debt

Economic Issues

Political Issues

Equity and Other Ethical Issues

Conclusions

Discussion Questions

Keywords

Major Legislation

Suggested Readings

Suggested Websites

Notes

8 | Health Care Policy

Background

Evolution of Health Care Policy

A Hybrid System of Public and Private Health Care

The Perils of Being Uninsured

Strengths and Weaknesses of the U.S. Health Care System

A Pluralistic Health Care System

Major Government Health Care Programs

Medicare

Medicaid

Veterans’ Health Care

Other Health Care Policy Issues

Portability

Patients’ Rights

Rising Health Care Costs

State Policy Innovations

Regulation of Prescription Drugs

Managed Care Organizations

Reducing Health Care Costs

Quality of Care

Medical Errors

Focused Discussion: Should There Be Greater Emphasis on Preventive Health Care?

Effectiveness

Economic Efficiency Issues

Equity and Other Ethical Issues

Conclusions

Discussion Questions

Keywords

Major Legislation

Suggested Readings

Suggested Websites

Notes

9 | Welfare and Social Security Policy

Background

Poverty

Social Security

Social Security’s Changing Demographics

Problems with Social Security

Financing Social Security

Welfare

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

Aid to Families with Dependent Children

The Earned Income Tax Credit

Welfare Reform Options

Welfare Reform Law

Analysis of the Welfare Reform Law

Focused Discussion: Can We Do Better? Addressing Poverty

Economic and Effectiveness Issues

Political Issues

Ethics and Equity Issues

Conclusions

Discussion Questions

Keywords

Major Legislation

Suggested Readings

Suggested Websites

Notes

10 | Education Policy

Background

Problems Facing Education

Funding

Quality

Education Policy Reforms

Merit Pay

Teacher Standards, Certification, and Salaries

School Vouchers, School Choice, and Charter Schools

School Testing

Higher Education Issues

Affirmative Action

Costs of Higher Education

Focused Discussion: Higher Education Affordability, Cost, and Value

Economic Issues

Political Issues

Equity and Ethical Issues

Conclusions

Discussion Questions

Keywords

Major Legislation

Suggested Readings

Suggested Websites

Notes

11 | Environmental and Energy Policy

Background

The Evolution of Environmental and Energy Policy

Early Environmental and Energy Policies

The Modern Environmental Movement and Policy Developments

From Consensus to Conflict in Environmental Policy

Major Federal Environmental Policies

The National Environmental Policy Act

Environmental Protection Statutes and the EPA

Natural Resource Policies

Energy Policy

Focused Discussion: Climate Change and Energy Policy Alternatives

Effectiveness

Economic Issues

Political Feasibility

Ethical Issues

Conclusions

Discussion Questions

Keywords

Major Legislation

Suggested Readings

Suggested Websites

Notes

12 | Foreign Policy and Homeland Security

Background and Policy Evolution

The Marshall Plan, NATO, and the Cold War

The United Nations and Globalization

Military Buildup and Nuclear Weapons

The Intelligence Agencies and the War in Iraq

Economic and Military Assistance: Foreign Aid

Selected Issues in Homeland Security

Comparing Homeland Security Threats: How Vulnerable Are We?

The Case of Transportation Security

Focused Discussion: Civil Liberties in an Age of Terrorism

Effectiveness and Efficiency

Legal and Ethical Concerns

Conclusions

Discussion Questions

Keywords

Major Legislation

Suggested Readings

Suggested Websites

Notes

Part IV: Conclusions

13 | Politics, Analysis, and Policy Choice

Policy Analysis, Citizen Participation, and Policy Change

Public Policies and Their Impacts

Policy Conflicts and Incremental Decision Making

Policy Strategies with No Crystal Ball

Policy Analysis and Policy Choices

Evaluating Public Policy

Improving Policy Capacity

Citizen Participation in Decision Making

Citizen Capacity and Policy Engagement

New Forms of Citizen Participation

Test Bank for Public Policy, Politics, Analysis, and Alternatives, 7th Edition, 7e by Michael E. Kraft and Scott R. Furlong 
CLICK TO ACCESS

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